如何使用Orchestrator管理MySQL主从架构-MySQL必会核心问题 - 码小课

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### 章节：如何使用Orchestrator管理MySQL主从架构

#### 引言

在复杂的数据库环境中，维护MySQL主从复制架构的稳定性和可靠性是数据库管理员（DBA）面临的重要挑战之一。随着业务的发展，数据库架构可能会变得愈加复杂，包含多个主库、从库以及跨地域的复制环境。为了有效管理这些复杂架构，自动化工具如Orchestrator显得尤为重要。Orchestrator是一个开源的MySQL复制拓扑管理工具，它提供了自动故障转移、可视化拓扑、配置检查和修复复制错误等功能，极大地简化了MySQL主从架构的管理工作。

#### Orchestrator概述

Orchestrator由GitHub上的Shlomi Noach开发并维护，旨在解决MySQL复制环境中常见的故障检测、故障转移及优化问题。它通过分析MySQL的复制状态、拓扑结构以及性能指标，自动执行必要的操作来维护系统的稳定性和性能。Orchestrator支持多种MySQL复制配置，包括传统的异步复制、半同步复制以及GTID（全局事务标识符）复制等。

#### 安装与配置Orchestrator

##### 1. 环境准备

- **MySQL环境**：确保你的MySQL实例已经配置了复制，并且复制正在正常运行。
- **Go语言环境**：Orchestrator是用Go语言编写的，因此需要在服务器上安装Go环境。
- **Git工具**：用于从GitHub上克隆Orchestrator的源代码。

##### 2. 克隆Orchestrator代码

```bash
git clone https://github.com/github/orchestrator.git
cd orchestrator
```

##### 3. 编译Orchestrator

在Orchestrator的根目录下执行编译命令：

```bash
go build
```

这将生成一个名为`orchestrator`的可执行文件。

##### 4. 配置Orchestrator

Orchestrator的配置主要通过一个YAML文件（默认为`orchestrator.conf.json`）进行。你需要配置MySQL实例的连接信息、Orchestrator自身的服务端口、日志级别等。

一个基本的配置示例如下：

```json
{
  "RaftEnabled": false,
  "RaftDataDir": "",
  "RaftBind": "",
  "DefaultInstancePort": 3306,
  "MySQLTopologyUser": "orchestrator",
  "MySQLTopologyPassword": "password",
  "MySQLTopologySSLPrivateKeyFile": "",
  "MySQLTopologySSLCertFile": "",
  "MySQLTopologySSLCAFile": "",
  "MySQLTopologySSLSkipVerify": true,
  "MySQLTopologyCredentialsConfigFile": "",
  "MySQLTopologyUseMutualTLS": false,
  "ListenAddress": ":3000",
  "HTTPAuthUser": "admin",
  "HTTPAuthPassword": "admin-password",
  "BackendDB": "sqlite",
  "SQLite3DataFile": "/var/lib/orchestrator/orchestrator.db",
  "ServerID": 1000,
  "StatusHostnameResolveMethod": "none",
  "DiscoverByShowSlaveHosts": true,
  "HostnameResolveMethod": "cname",
  "SSLPrivateKeyFile": "",
  "SSLCertFile": "",
  "SSLCAFile": "",
  "SSLSkipVerify": true,
  "UseMutualTLS": false,
  "AuthUserHeader": "",
  "HTTPAuthRealm": "Orchestrator",
  "EnableCORS": false,
  "CORSOrigin": "*",
  "CORSMethods": "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS",
  "CORSCredentials": "true",
  "CORSExposedHeaders": "Content-Length,Content-Type",
  "PowerAuthUsers": [],
  "RecoveryIgnoreHostnameFilters": [],
  "AgentPollMinutes": 60,
  "UnseenInstanceForgetHours": 24,
  "SnapshotTopologiesIntervalHours": 0,
  "InstanceBulkOperationsWaitTimeoutSeconds": 10,
  "ActiveNodeHostname": "",
  "ClusterNameLabel": "cluster_name",
  "ClusterAliasQuery": "",
  "ClusterPoolInstances": 0,
  "DetectClusterAliasQuery": "",
  "DetectClusterDomainQuery": "",
  "DetectSemiSyncEnforcedQuery": "",
  "DetectClusterNameQuery": "",
  "FailMasterPromotionIfSQLThreadNotUpToDate": true,
  "DetachLostSlavesAfterMasterFailover": true,
  "PreventCrossDataCenterMasterFailover": false,
  "RecoverMasterClusterFilters": [],
  "PostponedOperationsPurgeInterval": 0,
  "ReasonableReplicationLagSeconds": 10,
  "UnreasonableReplicationLagSeconds": 60,
  "ReasonableMaintenanceReplicationLagSeconds": 30,
  "MaxTopologyInstanceLagSeconds": 120,
  "RejectHostnameResolvePattern": "",
  "ReasonableMariaDBGaleraDelaySeconds": 30,
  "DetachSlaveMasterHost": "",
  "PromotionIgnoreHostnameFilters": [],
  "MasterFailoverLossProbabilityThreshold": 0,
  "MasterFailoverDetachSlaveIntervalSeconds": 3,
  "SlaveStartPostMasterFailoverSeconds": 0,
  "DetectClusterAliasMaxDepth": 10,
  "RecoveryPeriodBlockSeconds": 300,
  "OnFailureDetectionProcesses": [],
  "PreFailoverProcesses": [],
  "PostFailoverProcesses": [],
  "PostUnsuccessfulFailoverProcesses": [],
  "CoProcessHostnames": [],
  "AuditLogFile": "",
  "AuditToSyslog": false,
  "AuditKafkaBrokers": "",
  "AuditKafkaTopic": "",
  "AuditRetentionHours": 0,
  "DiscoveryPollSeconds": 60,
  "InstancePollSeconds": 30,
  "ContinuousDiscoveryExpiry": 3600,
  "ExpiryHostnameResolves": 3600,
  "RejectBinlogFormat": false,
  "RejectBinlogServerUuid": false,
  "ReasonableReplicationLagQuery": "",
  "ReasonableMaintenanceReplicationLagQuery": "",
  "EnableGTIDHa": true,
  "SkipBinlogServerUuidList": [],
  "RecoverFromAnyReplica": false,
  "MustLoginUser": "",
  "EnableSemiSync": false,
  "EnableParticipation": true,
  "GracefulMasterTakeoverExpireTimeSeconds": 300,
  "SlaveLagQuery": "",
  "DetectDataCenterQuery": "",
  "UseSuperReadOnly": true,
  "UnseenInstanceForgetMinutes": 0,
  "EnableAutoMasterRecovery": true,
  "MasterRecoveryMaxFailoverAttempts": 3,
  "MasterRecoveryMaxFailoverSeconds": 300,
  "PostponeSlaveRecoveryOnLagMinutes": 0,
  "RecoverSlaveClusterFilters": [],
  "RecoverPromotionRule": "prefer-promotable-slave",
  "CandidateInstanceExpireMinutes": 60,
  "DetachSlaveIgnoreHostnameFilters": [],
  "PromoteRule": "least-replica-lag",
  "PreGracefulTakeoverProcesses": [],
  "PostGracefulTakeoverProcesses": [],
  "PreGracefulTakeoverProcessesWaitTimeoutSeconds": 10,
  "PreventCrossDataCenterSlaveFailover": false,
  "PreventCrossDataCenterSemiSyncMasterFailover": false,
  "RecoverSlaveLossProbabilityThreshold": 0,
  "DetachSlaveMasterHostFilter": "",
  "RecoverIntermediateMasterClusterFilters": [],
  "CandidateInstanceExpireSeconds": 0,
  "RecoverIntermediateMasterLossProbabilityThreshold": 0,
  "DetectDataCenterOverrideQuery": "",
  "SkipUnresolvableHostnameChecks": false,
  "FailMasterPromotionIfInstanceHasLags": false,
  "EnableUnsafeMasterFailover": false,
  "CandidateInstanceBlackholeHours": 0,
  "SlaveLagQueryOnMaster": "",
  "PreventRemoveDataCenterMaster": false,
  "EnableLagThreshold": false,
  "SlaveStartPostIntermediateMasterFailoverSeconds": 0,
  "PreventHostnameResolvePattern": "",
  "DetectDataCenterByInstanceLabel": false,
  "MasterRecoveryProcess": "",
  "DetachSlaveIgnoreHostnameResolve": false,
  "EnableParticipationInRecovery": true,
  "IgnoreHostnameFilters": [],
  "CandidateInstanceMaxLagSeconds": 0,
  "DetectSemiSyncMaster": false,
  "DetectDataCenterByHostnamePattern": "",
  "DetectClusterDomainByHostnamePattern": "",
  "CandidateInstanceMaxBinlogSecondsBehindMaster": 0,
  "CandidateInstanceMinReplicaCount": 0,
  "RecoverIntermediateMasterIgnoreHostnameFilters": [],
  "PreventHostRemove": false,
  "SlaveStartPostMasterFailoverIgnoreHostnameFilters": [],
  "RecoverSlaveIgnoreHostnameFilters": [],
  "PreventRemoveCandidateInstance": false,
  "SlaveStartPostIntermediateMasterFailoverIgnoreHostnameFilters": [],
  "CandidateInstanceIgnoreHostnameFilters": [],
  "EnableParticipationInIntermediateMasterRecovery": true,
  "PreventHostRemoveDataCenter": false,
  "DetachSlaveIgnoreDataCenter": false,
  "RecoverSlaveDetachSlaveIntervalSeconds": 3,
  "DetachSlaveIgnoreDataCenterMasterHost": false

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