当前位置: 面试刷题>> 有序链表转换为二分查找树 (经典算法题500道)
### 题目描述
给定一个按升序排列的链表,要求将其转换成一个高度平衡的二分查找树(BST)。高度平衡的二分查找树是指一个二叉树,其中每个节点的两个子树的高度差的绝对值不超过1,并且左子树的所有节点的值均小于其根节点的值,右子树的所有节点的值均大于其根节点的值。
### 示例
假设链表中的元素为 `[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]`,则一个可能的转换后的二分查找树为:
```
4
/ \
2 6
/ \ / \
1 3 5 7
```
### 解题思路
1. **找到链表的中间节点**:使用快慢指针法找到链表的中间节点,这个节点将作为二分查找树的根节点。
2. **递归构建左子树和右子树**:将链表从中间节点断开,分别递归地构建左子树和右子树。左子树包含中间节点之前的所有节点,右子树包含中间节点之后的所有节点。
3. **返回根节点**:将构建好的左子树和右子树连接到中间节点上,并返回中间节点作为根节点。
### PHP 代码示例
```php
class ListNode {
public $val;
public $next;
function __construct($val = 0, $next = null) {
$this->val = $val;
$this->next = $next;
}
}
class TreeNode {
public $val;
public $left;
public $right;
function __construct($val = 0, $left = null, $right = null) {
$this->val = $val;
$this->left = $left;
$this->right = $right;
}
}
function sortedListToBST($head) {
if ($head === null) {
return null;
}
if ($head->next === null) {
return new TreeNode($head->val);
}
// 使用快慢指针找到中间节点
$slow = $head;
$fast = $head;
$prevPtr = null;
while ($fast !== null && $fast->next !== null) {
$prevPtr = $slow;
$slow = $slow->next;
$fast = $fast->next->next;
}
// 将链表从中间断开
if ($prevPtr !== null) {
$prevPtr->next = null;
}
// 递归构建左右子树
$root = new TreeNode($slow->val);
$root->left = sortedListToBST($head);
$root->right = sortedListToBST($slow->next);
return $root;
}
```
### Python 代码示例
```python
class ListNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, next=None):
self.val = val
self.next = next
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right
def sortedListToBST(head):
if not head:
return None
if not head.next:
return TreeNode(head.val)
# 使用快慢指针找到中间节点
slow, fast = head, head
prev_ptr = None
while fast and fast.next:
prev_ptr = slow
slow = slow.next
fast = fast.next.next
# 将链表从中间断开
if prev_ptr:
prev_ptr.next = None
# 递归构建左右子树
root = TreeNode(slow.val)
root.left = sortedListToBST(head)
root.right = sortedListToBST(slow.next)
return root
```
### JavaScript 代码示例
```javascript
class ListNode {
constructor(val = 0, next = null) {
this.val = val;
this.next = next;
}
}
class TreeNode {
constructor(val = 0, left = null, right = null) {
this.val = val;
this.left = left;
this.right = right;
}
}
function sortedListToBST(head) {
if (!head) return null;
if (!head.next) return new TreeNode(head.val);
// 使用快慢指针找到中间节点
let slow = head, fast = head, prevPtr = null;
while (fast && fast.next) {
prevPtr = slow;
slow = slow.next;
fast = fast.next.next;
}
// 将链表从中间断开
if (prevPtr) prevPtr.next = null;
// 递归构建左右子树
const root = new TreeNode(slow.val);
root.left = sortedListToBST(head);
root.right = sortedListToBST(slow.next);
return root;
}
```
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