当前位置: 面试刷题>> 考试策略 (经典算法题500道)
### 题目描述补充
**题目:考试策略优化**
在即将到来的期末考试中,你需要帮助学生制定一个高效的复习策略。考试覆盖了多门课程,每门课程都有一定数量的知识点,每个知识点有其对应的掌握难度和重要性(分值权重)。学生的目标是最大化考试的总分,但受限于有限的时间和精力。请设计一个算法,帮助学生根据知识点的重要性、难度以及自身的学习效率,制定出最优的复习计划。
**输入**:
1. 课程列表及其对应的知识点信息,包括每个知识点的掌握难度(例如,简单、中等、难)、重要性(即考试分值权重)和学习所需时间。
2. 学生可用的总复习时间。
**输出**:
一个复习计划,包括按照最优顺序排列的知识点,使得学生在给定时间内能够获得尽可能高的总分。
### 示例输入
```json
{
"courses": [
{
"name": "数学",
"knowledgePoints": [
{"name": "微积分", "difficulty": "中等", "weight": 3, "time": 2},
{"name": "线性代数", "difficulty": "难", "weight": 4, "time": 3},
{"name": "概率论", "difficulty": "简单", "weight": 2, "time": 1}
]
},
{
"name": "编程",
"knowledgePoints": [
{"name": "Python基础", "difficulty": "简单", "weight": 2, "time": 1},
{"name": "数据结构", "difficulty": "难", "weight": 5, "time": 4},
{"name": "算法设计", "difficulty": "中等", "weight": 3, "time": 2}
]
}
],
"totalTime": 10
}
```
### 示例输出
```json
[
{"name": "Python基础", "course": "编程", "time": 1},
{"name": "微积分", "course": "数学", "time": 2},
{"name": "概率论", "course": "数学", "time": 1},
{"name": "算法设计", "course": "编程", "time": 2},
{"name": "线性代数", "course": "数学", "time": 3},
{"name": "数据结构", "course": "编程", "time": 4}
]
```
### PHP 示例代码
由于这是一个相对复杂的问题,需要用到排序和背包问题(类似)的解法,这里仅提供简化框架,不包含完整的贪心或动态规划实现。
```php
name = $name;
$this->course = $course;
$this->difficulty = $difficulty;
$this->weight = $weight;
$this->time = $time;
}
}
function planOptimization($courses, $totalTime) {
// 合并所有知识点
$allPoints = [];
foreach ($courses as $course) {
foreach ($course['knowledgePoints'] as $point) {
$allPoints[] = new KnowledgePoint($point['name'], $course['name'], $point['difficulty'], $point['weight'], $point['time']);
}
}
// 假设简单的贪心算法,按weight/time比从高到低排序
usort($allPoints, function($a, $b) {
return ($b->weight / $b->time) <=> ($a->weight / $a->time);
});
// 模拟时间分配
$plan = [];
$currentTime = 0;
foreach ($allPoints as $point) {
if ($currentTime + $point->time <= $totalTime) {
$plan[] = ['name' => $point->name, 'course' => $point->course, 'time' => $point->time];
$currentTime += $point->time;
} else {
break; // 超出时间,停止添加
}
}
return $plan;
}
// 示例输入
$input = json_decode(file_get_contents('input.json'), true);
$output = planOptimization($input['courses'], $input['totalTime']);
// 输出处理(此处省略写入文件等操作)
echo json_encode($output, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT);
?>
```
请注意,此代码为简化的贪心算法示例,并未完全实现题目要求的优化逻辑,特别是在处理时间分配和知识点之间的权衡时。对于更复杂的解决方案,可能需要使用动态规划或其他高级算法。
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