当前位置： 面试刷题>> getter与setter (经典算法题500道)
### 题目描述补充
在面向对象编程中，getter和setter方法是非常重要的概念。它们分别用于获取（get）和设置（set）对象的私有属性，从而实现对对象属性的封装和保护。封装是面向对象编程的三大特性（封装、继承、多态）之一，它隐藏了对象的内部细节，仅通过公共接口（如getter和setter方法）与外界交互。
现在，请实现一个简单的类`Person`，该类包含私有属性`name`和`age`，并为这两个属性分别编写getter和setter方法。此外，为了展示面向对象的多态性（虽然在这个特定问题中不直接体现多态，但我们可以考虑增加一个方法如`describe`来体现对象的行为），可以添加一个`describe`方法来输出人的基本信息。
### 示例代码
#### PHP
```php
class Person {
private $name;
private $age;
// Setter for name
public function setName($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
// Getter for name
public function getName() {
return $this->name;
}
// Setter for age
public function setAge($age) {
$this->age = $age;
}
// Getter for age
public function getAge() {
return $this->age;
}
// Describe method to demonstrate behavior
public function describe() {
echo "Name: " . $this->name . ", Age: " . $this->age . "\n";
}
}
// Example usage
$person = new Person();
$person->setName("John Doe");
$person->setAge(30);
$person->describe(); // Output: Name: John Doe, Age: 30
```
#### Python
```python
class Person:
def __init__(self):
self.__name = None
self.__age = None
# Setter for name
def set_name(self, name):
self.__name = name
# Getter for name
def get_name(self):
return self.__name
# Setter for age
def set_age(self, age):
self.__age = age
# Getter for age
def get_age(self):
return self.__age
# Describe method to demonstrate behavior
def describe(self):
print(f"Name: {self.__name}, Age: {self.__age}")
# Example usage
person = Person()
person.set_name("John Doe")
person.set_age(30)
person.describe() # Output: Name: John Doe, Age: 30
```
#### JavaScript
```javascript
class Person {
constructor() {
this._name = null;
this._age = null;
}
// Setter for name
set name(name) {
this._name = name;
}
// Getter for name
get name() {
return this._name;
}
// Setter for age
set age(age) {
this._age = age;
}
// Getter for age
get age() {
return this._age;
}
// Describe method to demonstrate behavior
describe() {
console.log(`Name: ${this._name}, Age: ${this._age}`);
}
}
// Example usage
let person = new Person();
person.name = "John Doe";
person.age = 30;
person.describe(); // Output: Name: John Doe, Age: 30
```
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