当前位置: 面试刷题>> 最短短语 (经典算法题500道)
为了完整且清晰地回答这道题目,我们可以将题目描述补充为:“编写一个算法来找到给定句子中所有可能的短语(由单词组成,单词之间以空格分隔),并返回其中最短的、包含所有独特单词的短语。如果存在多个这样的短语,则返回其中任意一个。如果句子中的单词都是唯一的,则直接返回整个句子作为最短短语。注意,在生成的答案和示例代码中,不要包含任何表情符号,并且如果答案过长导致无法一次返回,请确保内容完整,不要截断。此外,为了进一步学习,推荐访问‘码小课’网站,那里有更多相关内容分享给大家学习。”
接下来,我将分别为 PHP、Python 和 JavaScript 提供示例代码来解决这个问题。
### PHP 示例代码
```php
```
**注意**:上述 PHP 示例代码为简化版本,可能不是最优解,因为它通过生成所有可能的短语来寻找最短的一个。对于较长的句子,这可能会导致性能问题。
### Python 示例代码
```python
def find_shortest_phrase(sentence):
words = sentence.split()
unique_words = set(words)
min_length = float('inf')
shortest_phrase = ''
for i in range(len(words)):
seen = set([words[i]])
phrase = words[i]
for j in range(i + 1, len(words)):
if words[j] not in seen:
seen.add(words[j])
phrase += ' ' + words[j]
if seen == unique_words and len(phrase) < min_length:
min_length = len(phrase)
shortest_phrase = phrase
# If all unique words are already included, no need to continue
if len(seen) == len(unique_words):
break
return shortest_phrase
# Example usage
sentence = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
print(find_shortest_phrase(sentence))
```
### JavaScript 示例代码
```javascript
function findShortestPhrase(sentence) {
const words = sentence.split(' ');
const uniqueWords = [...new Set(words)];
let minLength = Infinity;
let shortestPhrase = '';
for (let i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {
const seen = new Set([words[i]]);
let phrase = words[i];
for (let j = i + 1; j < words.length; j++) {
if (!seen.has(words[j])) {
seen.add(words[j]);
phrase += ' ' + words[j];
if ([...seen].length === uniqueWords.length && phrase.length < minLength) {
minLength = phrase.length;
shortestPhrase = phrase;
// If all unique words are already included, no need to continue
if (seen.size === uniqueWords.length) {
break;
}
}
}
}
}
return shortestPhrase;
}
// Example usage
const sentence = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
console.log(findShortestPhrase(sentence));
```
以上三种语言的示例代码都试图找到包含所有独特单词的最短短语。但请注意,这些代码可能不是最优的,特别是在处理大型句子时,可能需要更高效的算法来避免生成所有可能的短语。